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Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease
affecting the skin and joints. When it affects the skin it commonly
appears as red scaly elevated patches called plaques. Psoriasis
plaques frequently occur on the elbows and knees, but can affect
any area of skin including the scalp and genital area. Psoriasis
can vary in severity, from minor localised patches to extensive
or even complete skin coverage. Fingernails and toenails are
often affected. This is called psoriatic nail dystrophy.
Psoriasis can also cause inflammation
of the joints. This is known as psoriatic arthritis. Psoriatic
arthritis can affect any joint but is most common in the joints
of the fingers and toes. This can result in a sausage-shaped
swelling of the fingers and toes known as dactylitis. Psoriatic
arthritis can also affect the hips, knees and spine. This is
known as spondylitis.
Psoriasis affects both sexes
equally, occurs at all ages and is prevalent in 2-3% of the Western
populations.
Several factors are thought to
aggravate psoriasis. These include stress and excessive alcohol
consumption. Individuals with psoriasis may also suffer from
depression and loss of self-esteem. As such, quality of life
is an important factor in evaluating the severity of the disease.
There are many treatments available but because of its chronic
recurrent nature psoriasis is a challenge to treat.
Psoriasis is driven by the immune
system, especially involving a type of white blood cell called
a T cell. Normally, T cells help protect the body against infection
and disease. T cells help create scabs over wounds. In the case
of psoriasis, T cells are put into action by mistake and become
so active that they trigger other immune responses, which lead
to inflammation and to rapid turnover of skin cells. Epidermal
cells then build up on the surface of the skin, forming itchy
patches or plaques.
Specialist dermatologists generally
treat psoriasis in steps based on the severity of the disease,
size of the areas involved, type of psoriasis, and the patient's
response to initial treatments. This is sometimes called the
"1-2-3" approach. In step 1, medicines are applied
to the skin (topical treatment). Step 2 uses ultraviolet light
treatments (phototherapy). Step 3 involves taking medicines by
mouth or injection that treat the whole immune system (called
systemic therapy).
Over time, affected skin can
become resistant to treatment, especially when topical corticosteroids
are used. Also, a treatment that works very well in one person
may have little effect in another. Thus, doctors often use a
trial-and-error approach to find a treatment that works, and
they may switch treatments periodically (for example, every 12
to 24 months) if a treatment does not work or if adverse reactions
occur.
In conclusion, Psoriasis is a
chronic condition. There is currently no cure. People often experience
flares and remissions throughout their life. Controlling the
signs and symptoms typically requires lifelong therapy.
Disclaimer -
The information presented here should not be interpreted as medical
advice. If you or someone you know suffers from Psoriasis, please
consult your physician for the latest treatment options.
Copyright © 2006, Heather
Colman
About the author: Find more psoriasis resources at: http://www.psoriasis-notes.info
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